Electric cars are all the rage in today’s world and the powerful motors powering them. But did you know that there are different types of EV motors, each one carrying peculiar features? So, the choice of a type of engine may call for certain setbacks while offering its goodness. The cost of the motor, performance requirements, among other factors, will be the main determinants of the motor type required for a specific application.
Features
The parameters are the grade-ability and maximum speed. A desirable motor grade-ability requires delivering a relatively high torque at a relatively low speed, enabling a good start and acceleration. A high-power motor is needed at high speed and, also, broad speed regions in the constant power region, as indicated in fig. 1. In constant torque operating region, good starting and uphill performance will be provided at low speeds. However, it is the constant power region that determines the maximum speed the electric vehicle can move at a constant power on flat surfaces.
Upon reaching the base speed, the motor reaches the rated power limit; the motor torque decreases with speed square directly. The range of the constant power region begins beyond the base speed to a range including the base speed to the maximum motor speed. It varies from motor to motor and hence important when choosing the right type of EV motor. It is also possible to adapt the range of operation of the motor by the use of the different auxiliary control drives.
DC Motors
DC (direct current) motors have existed for a long time and were the first motors used in electric cars. Manufacturers produce these motors simply and cost-effectively, delivering strong torque at low speeds. Nevertheless, these DC motors are not as efficient as their brushes and commutated AC motors counterpart. They require higher maintenance rates also.
PM BLDC
These motors are filled with permanent magnets instead of windings on the rotor. These are therefore because of the losses in the rotor that these motors are efficient till now. There is no rotor loss in a PM BLDC motor, so it runs with higher efficiency than an inductive motor. They have a relatively narrow constant power speed range owing to the weakness of the magnetic field from the main permanent magnet itself when the internal stator field weakens it.
Induction Motor (IM)
This kind of motors are very common in EVs. They enjoy popularity because of the simplicity of their construction and high reliability, robustness and simple maintenance associated with low costs of purchase and operation. They are characterized by automatic excitement without upper parameters. In case of inverter failure, IMs can self-deactivate an important safety advantage for EVs. Field oriented vector control of IMs is an industrial standard case.
Understand the different types of motors and controllers as it is necessary from the said point in development. An electric vehicle motor is right in the middle of the electric vehicle boom. Everyone will take the initiative of getting to know various types of motor and controller types. In order to get the best EV Motors, one should be clear about specific requirements since each type comes with different benefits and drawbacks.
